生物芯片技术简介.pptx

生物芯片技术生物芯片技术生物芯片原理和应用何为生物芯片?生物芯片主要指通过平面微细加工技术在固体芯片表面构建的微流体分析单元和系统，以实现对细胞、蛋白质、核酸以及其他生物组分的准确、快速、大信息量的检测。他是继大规模集成电路之后的又一次具有深远意义的科学技术革命。生物芯片分类蛋白芯片(Protein Chips)a microarray-based high-throughput protein assay methodChemiluminescence or Fluorescence based detection methods can be used to visualize bound antibodies.蛋白芯片应用Diagnostic immunoassay that allows the simultaneous high-throughput analysis of known autoantigens. In order to quantify antibodies in the sera of patients with autoimmune diseases, Recombinant antigens and control proteins were immobilized on slides with reactive aldehyde groups as replicas in serial dilutions of the various antigens thereby allowing accurate determination of autoantibody titer using minimal amounts of serum. Miniaturized and highly paralleled immunoassays like these will reduce cost by decreasing reagent consumption and improve performance by greatly increasing the number of assays that can be performed with a single serum sample.Protein-Protein Interaction. DNA- Protein Interaction基因芯片（Gene chip）基因芯片(Gene chip)技术是指通过微阵列(Microarray)技术将高密度DNA片段阵列通过高速机器人或原位合成方式以一定的顺序或排列方式使其附着在如玻璃片等固相表面，以荧光标记的DNA探针，借助碱基互补杂交原理，进行大量的基因表达及监测等方面研究的最新革命性技术基因芯片发展历史Southern Northern BlotDot BlotMacroarrayMicroarrayTypes of DNA ChipsComparison of DNA Chip Technologies Oligo-ChipcDNA-Chip Genomic Chip 8 n or 20 n 2,000 n 50,000 n genomic analysissequencingexpressionexpression Sensitivity of DNA chip based assays is a function of:Probe and target DNA/RNA (Complexity)Chip surface (autofluorescence non-spec. bkg)Attachment chemistry/methodology (hyb. efficiency crosshyb.)Hybridization efficiency (lots of factors)Detection technology (signal type, efficiency, noise)Why Genomic Biochips?Screen specimens to determine gene copy number changesEstablish correlations between gene copy number changes and disease biologyDetermine the interaction of multiple genes on the initiation and progression of diseaseAccelerate development of products for genomic disease manag