2016初二下学期期中考试解决方案-语法篇-学生版.docx

第 PAGE 11页（共12页） 2016年八年级下期中考解决方案 ——语法篇 动词不定式 动名词 被动语态 本课内容 本课内容 内容 基本要求 八上期中语法复习 1. 要求掌握动词不定式的用法； 2. 要求掌握动名词的用法； 3.要求掌握被动语态的用法。 动词不定式 动词不定式 知识要点 ?一、?不定式：to?+?动词原形? ??动词不定式的基本形式是to?+?动词原形。动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如：to?read?the?newspaper,?to?speak?at?the?meeting?等? ?? 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语： （1）作_______ She?wanted?to?borrowed?my?radio.? They?began?to?read?and?write.????? 后加to do 的动词： choose, hope/wish/expect, want/would like, offer, decide, learn refuse, promise （2）作_______ She?went?to?see?her?grandma?last?Sunday.? He?came?to?give?us?a?talk?yesterday.? （3）作_______ Lucy?asked?him?to?turn?off?the?radio.? She?asked?me?to?speak?more?loudly?Jim?told?Ling?Feng?to?go?home?at?once?.? The?father?made?his?son?study?hard.? 常考点： _______________ 叫/让某人做某事 _______________ 叫/让某人不要做某事 _______________ 建议某人做某事 _______________ 建议某人不要做某事 （4）作_______ Have?you?got?anything?to?say??I?had?something?to?eat?this?morning?.? （5）作_______ To?learn?a?foreign?language?is?not?easy. 注：作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代，动词不定式（或短语）放在后面。 例如：??It?is?not?easy?to?learn?a?foreign?language.???? It?took?us?three?days?to?do?the?work.? ?? 二、动词不定式的否定形式由not+动词不定式构成。 如:???Tell?him?not?to?be?late.? ? ?The?policeman?told?the?boys?not?to?play?in?the?street. 三、不定式省去to的情况:? 在感官动词_______，_______，__________，_______，?____________，_______ 和使役动词_______，_______，_______ 等所接的宾语中（不定式做宾语不足语），不定式应省去to。但是在被动语态中不能省。 如：?Let?me?listen?to?you?sing?the?song.??? He?watched?his?son?play?computer?games.? ?? I?saw?him?run?away.He?was?seen?to?run?away.? ? The?boss?make?the?workers?work?the?whole?night.The?workers?were?made?to?work?the?whole?night.?? 四、?动词不定式和疑问词连用? 动词不定式可以和疑问词what?,which,?how,?where,?when?等连用，构成不定式短语。 如：The?question?is?when?to?start.????? I?dont?know?where?to?go?.? He?showed?me?how?to?use?a?computer.????? What?to?do?is?a?big?problem.??? 随堂练习 随堂练习 1. Last summer I took a course on ______________. A.