国际经济学英文版自用Chapter 2.ppt

Chapter 2 Comparative Advantage;Did you calculate the export dependence ratio of China, Japan, US, UK, Germany, Russia and India? How did you get that? 是故学然后知不足，教然后知困。知不足然后能自反也，知困然后能自强也。故曰教学相长也。 ——《礼记·学记》 ;中国参与全球化;1.Mercantilism;Influence ;Queen Elizabeth developed a naval and merchant fleet capable of challenging the Spanish on trade and of expanding the growth of bullion(金银) at home. These efforts organized national resources sufficiently in the defense of England against the far larger and more powerful Spanish Empire, and in turn paved the foundation for establishing a global empire in the 19th century. ;2.Adam Smith’s Views on Trade;3.David Ricardo’s Comparative Advantage ;Therefore while it is cheaper to produce cloth in Portugal than England, it is cheaper still for Portugal to produce excess wine, and trade that for English cloth. Conversely England benefits from this trade because its cost for producing cloth has not changed but it can now get wine at a lower price, closer to the cost of cloth. The conclusion drawn is that each country can gain by specializing in the good where it has comparative advantage, and trading that good for the other. ---On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, 1817 ;4. Comparative Advantage With Money ;2.4D 汉语提示;补充材料