宾语从句的用法归纳.ppt

宾语从句的用法归纳;一、宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型： 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。如： We knew (that) we should learn from each other. 2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如： Please tell me if/whether you have been to America. 3. 由who, where, how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如： Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?　 ;二、宾语从句引导词、语序与时态 1. 引导词 假如从句是陈述句，引导词用that (that在口语或非正式文体中常省略)；假如从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；假如从句是非凡疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。 2. 语序 ①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如： He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said (that) he was an honest boy. ②一般疑问句和非凡疑问句（特殊疑问句）变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如： Does he work hard? I wonder. →I wonder if/whether he works hard. When did he leave? I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.;3. 时态 ①假如主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如： I have heard (that) he will come back next week. ②假如主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如：He said (that) there were no classes yesterday. 注重：假如宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如： He said that light travels much faster than sound.;三、人称的变化和标点的使用 1. 从句的主语假如是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；假如是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；假如是第三人称，不用变化。如： “May I use your knife?” He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife. “Do you know her telephone number?” He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number. ;2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如： Who will give us a talk? I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk. Do you know? Where does he live? →Do you know where he lives?;四、if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。 if和和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，碰到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如： If it rains tomorrow, I won’t come. (时间状语从句) I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. (宾语从句) ;五、从句的简化 1. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如： She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground. 2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如： She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me w