毕业设计（论文）-公路工程施工放样_精品.doc

公路工程施工放样 摘 要： 公路工程施工放样的主要是利用测量技术将设计图纸上的工程构造物的平面位置和高程在实地标定出来，作为施工的依据。在施工过程中，检测工程构造物的几何尺寸，以实现从设计图纸到工程实物的质和量的转变。公路工程施工放样的依据是《公路工程技术标准》，各种构造物的施工技术规范、规程、测量规范等以及工程设计图纸。测量放样工作应遵循从整体到局部的原则，先进行控制测量，再进行细部放样测量。通过控制测量，建立起平面控制点和高程控制点与工程构造物特征点之间的平面位置和高程的几何联系。以平面控制点的坐标和高程控制点的高程为依据，利用传统测量仪器进行距离、高程和角度的测量放样或者利用全站仪和GPS进行三维坐标放样来确定工程构造物特征点在实地上的空间位置。在放样过程中，工程设计图纸是图解控制点和工程构造物特征点之间几何关系的依据；现行的施工技术规范、规程，以及测量规范是核查放样结果精度的依据。只有利用精度符合标准的几何数据，才能精确地测定工程构造物特征点的准确位置，以指导施工。 关键词：公路工程；施工放样；方法 Pick The highway engineering construction lofting was mainly used for measuring technology will design drawing of constructions plane position and elevation in field calibration out, as the basis of construction. During construction, detection constructions geometry size, in order to realize the project from the design drawing and physical quantity and quality of transformation. The highway engineering construction lofting are based on the highway engineering technical standards , all sorts of slope construction technology standard, procedure, measurement specifications as well as engineering drawings. Measuring and setting-out work should follow the principle of from the whole to the local control measure, first, and then to detail lofting measurement. Through the control measure, to establish control and elevation control and planar constructions feature points between the plane position and elevation of geometrical contact. On planar coordinate system and elevation control points of control points of elevation as the basis, using traditional measurement instrument, distance, elevation and Angle measurement lofting, or using electronic tachometer and GPS in 3d coordinate lofting to determine the constructions of characteristic points on field on space. In lofting process, engineering design drawings are graphical control points and constructions feature point between geometrical relation of basis, The current construction technology standard, procedures, and measurement specifications are inspectors lofting