学术英语如何写好摘要How-to-Write-an-Abstract.ppt

How to Write an Abstract I. Definition of abstract II. Function of abstract III. Contents of abstract IV. Suggestions for abstract writing V. Keywords writing I. What is an abstract ? Abstract is a short description of the entire paper that appears right at the beginning of the body part and it is often regarded as the most important component in a research paper. II. What is the function of an abstract ? An abstract is used by potential readers（潜在读者） to determine its relevance to their interest and finally to decide whether or not he/she needs to read the entire paper. III. Contents of abstract Topic specification 主题说明 Background information 背景信息 Purpose statement 目的陈述 Methodology and data 方法与数据 Results/findings 研究结果 Implication/Conclusion 结论 The 3 Key Elements in an Abstract A. The statement of purpose about your research; B. The method of your research; C. The conclusion of your research. STRUCTURE of Abstract Classification of abstracts Structure of an informative abstract Features of an abstract Classification of abstracts informative abstract - the primary research objective or purpose- method employed in solving the problems- principal findings or results- major conclusions and serves as a substitute for the full paper descriptive abstractoutlines the topics covered in the paper and is like a table of contents in paragraph form. Structure of an informative abstract Background – why do you want to do the research? Research question – what question are you trying to answer and what is the research topic of your paper? Method – how (what material, what method, and what procedures) do you get answers to your research question? Results – what is your answer to the question? Conclusions – what implications does the answer imply? Features of an abstract Concise – write everything relevant to the paper in as simple terms as possible. Objective – states objectively the mai