现在完成时用法归纳.doc
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现在完成时现在完成时(Present perfect)过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果,过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
句型
基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(done)
肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.
否定句:主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+宾语.
一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他)
定义: (1) 强调动作是过去发生的
(2) 强调对现在的影响或结果
(3) 在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作,但是结果对现在有影响。
但过去分词一定要选择准确。 [规则动词
1 、规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则:
(1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。
work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited
(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。
live---lived---lived ,
(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 y 变为 i ,再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried
(4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped
不规则动词
2 、不规则动词:
AAA型
原型 过去式 过去分词
burst burst burst
cast cast cast
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
hit hit hit
hurt hurt hurt
put put put
set set set
shut shut shut
spread spread spread
let let let
read read read
led led led
AAB型
beat beat beaten
ABA型
become became become
run ran run
come came come
特殊情况
read read read
read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/
ABB型
bring brought brought
buy bought bought
build built built
burn burnt burnt
catch caught caught
dig dug dug
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
feed fed fed
get got got
hang hung hung
hear heard heard
hold held held
keep kept kept
lay laid laid
lead led led
lose lost lost
leave left left
lend lent lent
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
pay paid paid
sell sold sold
shoot shot shot
say said said
sit sat sat
stand stood stood
shine shone shone
sweep swept swept
sleep slept slept
teach taught taught
tell told told
think thought thought
win won won
ABC型
begin began begun
blow blew blown
break broke broken
choose chose chosen
draw drew drawn
drive drove driven
drink drank dru
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