洞庭湖水生态环境的演变与保护对策.docx

洞庭湖水生态环境的演变与保护对策 洞庭湖水生态环境的演变与保护对策 第12卷第6期2021年12月水土保持研究 R esearch of So il and W ater Conservati on . 12　N o . 6V o l D ec . , 2021 洞庭湖水生态环境的演变与保护对策 李　强1, 2 (1. 湖南省水文水资源勘测局; 2. 湖南省水环境监测中心, 长沙　410007) 摘　要:依据多年监测和调查资料, 分析了洞庭湖生态环境的演变, 1949年至今洞庭湖容积减少了约43%, 湖泊萎缩严重, 调蓄能力下降, 39湖泊水质污染加剧, 总磷污染指数增加了7. 04倍; 1999年藻类数量最高达; 湿生物种减少, 一些湿地动植物已经很少见到; 1982年以水生昆虫及幼虫为主, 到1996年变化为以软体动物为主, , 水沙条件的变化, 对洞庭湖水生态环境将会产生相应的影响, 以维持洞庭湖资源的可持续利用与发展。 关键词:; ; X 524:A 　　　　　文章编号:100523409(2021) 0620218203 Hygroph ilous Ecolog ica l Env ironm en t Succession and Coun term ea sure of the D ongti ng Lake L I Q iang (1. H y d rology and W ater R esou rces S u rvey B u reau of H unan P rov ince ; 2. W ater E nv ironm ental M onitoring Center of H unan P rov ince , Chang sha 410007, Ch ina ) Abstract :A cco rding to the monito ring and survey fo r m any years , the successi on of the hygroph ilous eco logical environm ent in the Dongting L ake w as analyzed , and the counter m easures about the eco logical environm ent p ro tecti on w ere p ropo sed . T he cubage of the Dongting L ake has reduced about 43%since 1949. A s the lake gradually w ithered , the ability of its sto rage . In the 1990s , the po lluti on of the w ater quality has aggravated . T he TN po lluti on declined . T he disasters w ere up to 39in to tal . T he m axi index has increased by 7. 04ti m es m um num ber of alga has reached 220000per liter , the eutroph icati on of the w ater continued to show a developm ent tendency . T he species of the w et living beings decreased , som e w et living beings are seldom seen . T he m ain consistence of the amph ibi ous ani m als and p lants has changed from aquatic insects and larva in 1982to mo llusk in 1996, but its density has no t changed , it is just illustrate the aggravati on of eutroph icati on of the w ater . T he operati on of the T h ree Go rges lead to the changes of the w ater and sand conditi ons , w h ich influenced the ec