the emerging roles of atp-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes in nucleotide excision repair的新兴角色atp-dependent染色质重塑酶核苷酸切除修复.pdf

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 11954-11973; doi:10.3390/ijms130911954 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 /journal/ijms Review The Emerging Roles of ATP-Dependent Chromatin Remodeling Enzymes in Nucleotide Excision Repair Wioletta Czaja, Peng Mao and Michael J. Smerdon * Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; E-Mails: wiolettapyrzak@ (W.C.); pengmao@ (P.M.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: smerdon@; Tel.: +1-509-335-6853; Fax: +1-509-335-9688. Received: 2 August 2012; in revised form: 30 August 2012 / Accepted: 31 August 2012 / Published: 20 September 2012 Abstract: DNA repair in eukaryotic cells takes place in the context of chromatin, where DNA, including damaged DNA, is tightly packed into nucleosomes and higher order chromatin structures. Chromatin intrinsically restricts accessibility of DNA repair proteins to the damaged DNA and impacts upon the overall rate of DNA repair. Chromatin is highly responsive to DNA damage and undergoes specific remodeling to facilitate DNA repair. How damaged DNA is accessed, repaired and restored to the original chromatin state, and how chromatin remodeling coordinates these processes in vivo, remains largely unknown. ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers (ACRs) are the master regulators of chromatin structure and dynamics. Conserved from yeast to humans, ACRs utili