《系统解剖学》教学资料双语庞磊内脏总论消化一.ppt

Chapter 4 The General Description Difinition: means the study of viscera 1. alimentary system 2. respiratory system 3. urinary system 4. genital system Association: morphology location function origin 内脏的共同特点 1. 位置：位于胸腔、腹腔和盆腔内 2. 结构：有管道与外界相通 3. 功能：物质代谢与繁衍后代 4. 发生：呼吸、消化系统主要器官来源于内胚层 泌尿、生殖系统主要器官来源于外胚层 Ⅰ. The general structure of viscera Ⅰ) The tubular organ 中空性器官 mucosa submucosa muscular coats serosa/adventitia Ⅱ. The reference line and abdominal regions Ⅰ) 胸部标志线 1. Anterior median line 2. Sternal line 3. Midclavicular line 4. Parasternal line 5. Anterior axillary line 6. Posterior axillary line 7. Midaxillary line 8. Scapular line 9. Posterior median line Digestive glands消化腺 Section 1 The Oral Cavity 口腔 Consists of two parts: 1.Oral vestibule 口腔前庭 between cheeks and lip and teeth 2.Oral cavity proper 固有口腔 within arch of teeth Boundaries Anterior and lateral: gum and teeth Posterior: isthmus of fauces Roof: palate Floor: tongue, muscles and mucous membrane Ⅰ. Oral lips 口唇 Ⅲ. Palate 腭 Two parts anterior 2/3, formed by the maxilla and palatine bone posterior 1/3， Velum palatinum 腭帆 Uvula 腭垂 Palatoglossal arch 腭舌弓 Palatopharyngeal arch 腭咽弓 isthmus of fauces咽峽 Ⅳ. Teeth 牙位记录法 牙位记录法 Ⅲ) Calcified tissues 牙组织 Ⅳ) Periodontal tissue 牙周组织 牙周膜 牙槽骨 牙龈 Ⅴ. Tongue 舌 Ⅰ) Morphology Two parts: v-shaped terminal sulcus 界沟 Body of tongue 舌体 Root of tongue 舌根 apex of tongue 舌尖 the foramen cecum of tongue 舌盲孔 Ⅱ) Lingual mucous membrane Papillae of tongue 舌乳头 Filiform papillae fungiform papillae foliate papillae vallate papillae Lingual tonsil 舌扁桃体 masses of submucosal lymphoid tissue on the root of tongue Ⅲ) Muscles of tongue舌肌 Int