英语语法可数名词和不可数名词.PPT

Countable and Uncountable Nouns Special Use 1、不可数名词 不可数名词通常指不能直接计数的名词（如land,advice等），表示材料和成分的物质名词，如coal,oil,air,cloth等，和表示抽象概念的抽象名词，如music, love, equality, modernization, competition, trade, service, education 等。 2、集合名词的单复数用法。 集合名词指的是同一类人或屋的集合体，其中有的是复数含义。例如police, cattle, clothes, people, goods 等；但有的集合名词也是不可数名词，如furniture, equipment, merchandise, machinery 等。 3、名词单复数的特殊变化。 一些以o结尾的可数名词复数需要加-es.例如：echoes回声, embargoes禁运, heroes, Negroes黑人, potatoes, tomatoes, vetoes否决, mosquito(e)s蚊子, buffalo(e)s水牛等。 一些以f或fe结尾的可数名词复数需要把f或fe变成ves。例如：halves, knives, leaves, lives, loaves, selves, shelves, thieves, wives, wolves. 不规则变化： foot---feet, tooth---teeth, woman---women, man---men, goose---geese, mouse---mice, child---children, ox---oxen 单复数形式相同的名词： barracks(兵营), deer(鹿), fish(鱼), headquarters(总部), means(方法), series(系列), sheep(羊), species(物种，种类) 但若fish指不同种类的鱼，复数为fishes. 复合名词的复数变化： passers-by, lookers-on旁观者, sisters-in-law, grown-ups成年人, shoe-makers, step-mothers 如中心名词由man / woman修饰，man / woman 要随中心名词一起变为复数。 例如：women doctors, men servants. 外来词的复数变化： stimulus刺激物---stimuli, formula公式---formulae, bacterium细菌---bacteria, curriculum课程---curricula, datum---data, analysis---analyses, basis---bases, crisis---crises, diagnosis诊断---diagnoses, thesis论题---theses, criterion规范---criteria, phenomenon现象---phenomena 4、可数名词和不可数名词的转化 不可数名词表示种类时，可以加不定冠词a，也可以有复数形式。eg: This is a famous French wine. I work in all weathers. Some foods are more nutritious than others.(几种食物) 当抽象名词表示抽象概念时，为不可数名词；但当抽象名词的意义具体化时，该名词成为可数名词。eg: She was a beauty in her youth.(美人) She had much beauty in her youth.(美丽动人的气质) There are two deaths in this area this month.(死亡事故) The sense of sight may affect our judgement.(视觉) There are many beautiful sights in Shanghai.(景点) Knowledge is power. China is now one of the five greatest powers in the world.(大国) He is good at drawing.(画画的技能