外科学名词解释（Interpretation of surgical terms）.doc

外科学名词解释（Interpretation of surgical terms） Name explanation Hyperthyroidism: loss of the feedback control mechanism of normal thyroxine secretion caused by various causes, resulting in abnormal increase of circulating thyroid hormone, and a general term for diseases characterized by systemic metabolic hyperfunction Goiter: refers to the thyroid enlargement and symptoms of hypersplenism. Patients over the age between 20-40 years old. The diffuse enlargement of the gland, bilaterally symmetrical, often associated with exophthalmos. Thyroid crisis: is a serious complication of hyperthyroidism, and preoperative preparation is not enough, not very good control hyperthyroidism symptoms and surgical stress. Mainly for heat (39 C), pulse rate (120 / min), and nerve function, severe circulatory and digestive disorders, such as irritability, sweating, vomiting and delirium. Watery diarrhea. Cooper ligament: the glands of the mammary gland, lobules and acini have connective tissue spaces, and there is a bundle of fibers perpendicular to the skin between the glandular lobes, the superficial layer of the superficial fascia and the deep fascia Dimple: breast cancer involving the Cooper ligament can shorten it and cause the skin to sag on the surface of the tumor Orange peel change: breast cancer block continues to increase, such as the subcutaneous lymphatic vessels are blocked by cancer cells, causing lymphatic reflux disorder, dermal edema. Abnormal breathing will cause local chest wall lose complete rib softening. Multiple fractures of multiple ribs is inspiratory when softening zone chest wall invagination, exhale outside the process, also called flail chest. Pneumothorax: the gas in the pleural cavity is called ~, which can be divided into closed pneumothorax, open pneumothorax, tension pneumothorax. Open pneumothorax: pleural effusion caused by a wound in the chest wall or a defect in the soft tissue and the free air passing through the pleural cavity through the respiratory