Chap09应用：国际贸易(经济学原理曼昆中英文双语).ppt

Application:International Trade应用：国际贸易 Chapter 9 International Trade 国际贸易 What determines whether a country imports or exports a good? 什么决定一个国家是否进口或出口一种物品? International Trade 国际贸易 Who gains and who loses from free trade among countries? 在国际自由贸易中谁获利谁亏损？ International Trade 国际贸易 What are the arguments that people use to advocate trade restrictions? 人们用来支持贸易限制的各种观点是什么？ Equilibrium Without Trade Assume: A country is isolated from rest of the world and produces steel. The market for steel consists of the buyers and sellers in the country. No one in the country is allowed to import or export steel. 没有贸易时的均衡 假设: 一个生产钢铁的国家孤立于其他国家 钢铁市场由这个国家的买者和卖者组成 这个国家的如何人都不允许进口或出口钢铁 Equilibrium Without International Trade 没有国际贸易时的均衡 Equilibrium Without Trade Results: Domestic price adjusts to balance demand and supply. The sum of consumer and producer surplus measures the total benefits that buyers and sellers receive. 没有贸易时的均衡 结果: 国内价格调整使国内卖者的供給量与国内买者的需求量平衡。 消费者剩余和生产者剩余的总和来衡量买者和卖者从钢铁市场上得到的总利益。 World Price and Comparative Advantage世界价格与比较优势 If the country decides to engage in international trade, will it be an importer or exporter of steel? 如果这个国家决定参与国际贸易，它将是钢铁进口国还是出口国？ World Price and Comparative Advantage The effects of free trade can be shown by comparing the domestic price of a good without trade and the world price of the good. The world price refers to the prevailing price in the world markets. A country will either be an exporter or an importer of the good. 世界价格与比较优势 自由贸易的效果可以从没有贸易时国内物品价格与世界市场价格相比较中得到说明。 世界价格——一种物品在世界市场上所流行的价格。 一个国家既可能是某种物品的出口国，也有可能是进口国。 World Price and Comparative Advantage世界价格与比较优势 If a country has a comparative advantage, then the domestic price will be below the world price, and the country will be an exporter of the good. 如果一个国家在某种物品生产方面有比较优势，那么国内价格将比世界价格低，这个国家就会是该物品的出口国。 World Price and Comparative Advantage世界价格与比较优势 If the country does not have a comparative advantage, then the domestic price will be higher than the world price, and the cou