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中考英语语法复习---宾语从句(含练习).doc

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中考英语语法复习宾语从句中考英语语法复习·宾语从句 中学英语宾语从句语法讲解 [宾语从句歌诀]   宾语从句三姊妹,that,if/whether,wh-/how展风采。   展风采有三关,引导词、语序、时态在把关。   主从时态要一致,陈述语序永不变。   陈述请你选that,疑问需用if/whether连。   特殊问句作宾从,原来问词不用换。   三关过后莫得意,人称、标点需注意。   留意变脸的if/when,从句的简化记心间。 [歌诀解码] 一、三姊妹   宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型:   1. 由that引导的宾语从句。如:We knew (that)we should learn from each other.   2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如:Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.   3. 由who,where,how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如:Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office? 二、三关   1. 引导词关   如果从句是陈述句,引导词用that(that在口语或非正式文体中常省略);如果从句是一般疑问句,引导词用if/whether;如果从句是特殊疑问句,引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。   2. 语序关   ①陈述句变为宾语从句,语序不变,即仍用陈述语序。如:   He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said(that)he was an honest boy.   ②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句,语序变为陈述语序。如:   Does he work hard?I wonder. → I wonder if/whether he works hard.   When did he leave?I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.   3. 时态关   ①如果主句是现在的时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如:   I have heard(that)he will come back next week.   ②如果主句是过去的某种时态,那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如:   He said(that)there were no classes yesterday.   注意:如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时,不管主句是什么时态,从句都要用一般现在时。如:He said that light travels much faster than sound. 三、人称的变化和标点的使用   1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致;如果是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致;如果是第三人称,不用变化。如:   “May I use your knife?”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.   “Do you know her telephone number?”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.   2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句,用句号;主句是疑问句,用问号。如:   Who will give us a talk?I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.   Do you know?Where does he live?→Do you know where he lives? 四、两副面孔   if和when既能引导时间状语从句,又能引导宾语从句。因此,遇到它们就要认真分析一下,它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如:If it rains tomorrow,I won’t come.(时间状语从句)   I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. (宾语从句) 五、从句的简化   1. 当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如:   She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.   2. 当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,fo
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