[chap1]计算机、因特网和网络基础.ppt

CHAPTER ONE：Computer, Internet, and Network Basics 第1章：计算机、因特网和网络基础 1.1.1 A Computer IS... 1.1.2 Computer Categories 1.1.3 Personal Computer Systems 1.1.4 Data, Information, and Files 1.1.5 Application Software and Operating System Basics 1.1.1 A Computer IS... How old is the word “computer”? - 从1646年开始，“计算机”这个词已经出现，但其含义是指专门从事计算工作的人。 - 1946年2月5日，世界上第一台电子计算机ENIAC问世，现代含义的“计算机”才被确定下来并开始使用。 - 1981年8月12日，IBM推出型号为IBM5150的计算机，“个人计算机”从此诞生。 What is a computer? A computer is a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data and produces output, all according to a series of stored instructions. - 计算机是这样的一种设备：它能够根据存 储的一系列指令，接受输入、处理数据、 存储数据并产生输出。 Computer input is whatever is typed, submitted, or transmitted to a computer system. - 计算机的输入可以包括键入、提交和传送 给计算机的任何数据。 Computer output is the result produced by a computer. - 计算机的输出指的是由计算机产生的结果。 In the context of computing, data refers to the symbols that a computer uses to represent facts, objects, and ideas. - 在计算的领域中，数据指的是那些能够代表事实、实体和概念的符号。 Computers manipulate data in many ways, and we call this manipulation processing. - 计算机以各种方式来操纵数据，这叫处理。 The series of instructions that tell a computer how to carry out processing tasks is referred to as a computer program, or simply a “program”. - 指示计算机如何完成处理任务的指令序列称为计算机程序，或简称为“程序”。 These programs form the software that sets up a computer to do a specific task. - 这些程序构成了安装在计算机上用来完成特定任务的软件。 CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the main processing unit in a computer, consisting of circuitry that executes instructions to process data. - 中央处理器是计算机中的主要处理单元，它由能够执行数据处理指令的电路组成。 Memory refers to an area of a computer that temporarily holds data that is waiting to be processed, stored, or output. - 内存指的是计算机中用来暂时保存将要被处理、被存储或被输出的数据的区域。 Storage refers to the area in a computer where data can be left on a permanent basics when it is not immediately needed for processing. - 存储器指的是计算机中用来长久保存那些不 会马上就需要处理的数据的区域。 What’s so significant about a computer’s ability to stor