非谓语_动词.ppt

1.不定式的形式 不定式通常由不定式符号 “to +动词原形”构成，比如动词 write 的不定式就是 to write。不定式也有时态和语态。例如: *如果在句中作宾语，复合结构中的代词可以用宾格。 eg. I dislike him coming to see me so often. eg. He has delayed me going abroad. 分词PARTICIPLE 分词 现在分词v.+ing 过去分词v.+ed 1.分词的特征 分词也具有动词的特征，可以带有宾语，宾语补足语，状语等。在句中起形容词或副词的作用 I hesitated a long time thinking how I should use it. I saw him working in the field. 2.现在分词的形式： having been written having written 完成式 being written writing 一般式 被动式 主动式 语态 时态 3.分词在句中的作用： 表语 定语 状语 宾语补语 4.分词在句中作表语 1) 现在分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征（与句子的主语是主动关系） eg. The book is interesting. eg. The situation is encouraging. 2) 过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的状态 （与句子的主语是被动关系） eg. The door remained locked. eg. She looked disappointed. 5.分词在句中作定语 a) 单个分词作定语应放在被修饰词前面 eg. The dying boy asked his father two questions. eg. The injured man is a bus driver. b) 分词短语作定语应放在所修饰词的后面 eg. The key lost by my little sister has been found. eg. The man injured in the accident is a bus driver. c)现在分词作定语与被修饰词为主动关系 d)过去分词作定语与被修饰词是被动关系 eg. Do you know the woman talking to Tom? eg. This is a broken glass. e)如果分词为不及物动词则表示完成的意思 eg. The ground was covered by fallen leaves. eg. Children should drink boiled water. f)分词作定语与一个定语从句所表示的意思差不多。 eg. Who is the man standing by the door? =Who is the man that is standing by the door? 6.分词在句中作宾补 a.现在分词作宾补主要出现在下列词后： find, leave, keep, have, get, see, hear, watch, notice, feel observe, look at, listen to b.现在分词作宾补时，分词与宾语是主动关系，如果是被动关系应用过去分词： I saw him working in the field. I found the man lying on the floor. He got his tooth pulled out. 3)如果是不及物动词过去分词则表示这一动作已经完成 eg. When I woke up, I found him gone. 6.分词结构作状语： 分词结构作状语，可表示时间,原因，条件，让步，伴随和补充说明等，这时分词结构相当于一个状语从句。 * 用分词作状语时，它的意义上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致 *用分词作状语时，分词所表示的动作与句子的主语是主动关系用现在分词，是被动关系用过去分词。 1)时间状语： eg. Crossing the road, he was run over by a car. =While he was crossing the road, he was run over by a car. 分词结构作时间状语相当于 when,while 等连词引导的从句 当-ing分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时，作状语的分词应用完成式 having +过去词。 eg. Having do