屈光不正、斜视和弱视病人的护理64P.ppt

治疗弱视年龄很重要，年龄越小疗效越高。 1.早期治疗先白、先天性青光眼及重度先天性 上睑下垂，祛除引起弱视的剥夺因素； 2.矫正屈光不正； 3.遮盖疗法：简便易行、疗效好； 4.压抑疗法：压抑健眼，予散瞳或散瞳并予过矫、欠矫眼镜，使患眼多发挥作用。 【护理措施】 * * Astigmatism This diagram represents the imaging of an astigmatic system (convex sphero-cylindrical lens or an astigmatic eye). Below the optical representation are the cross-sections that would be found if a screen was placed perpendicular to the optical axis at the positions shown. The line foci, ellipses and their orientations are shown, along with the circle of least confusion. * Presbyopic Correction The near addition for a presbyope is the plus lens that is used only for near vision. The addition can be in the form of a single vision lens, bifocal lens, trifocal lens, or a progressive (multifocal, varifocal or PAL) lens. Reading glasses can be in the form of a full-field lens which provides a large field of view but must be removed for distance vision. These lenses only focus over a single range of near distances. Half-eyes (look-overs) are single vision near lenses that are small and situated low on the nose to allow distance vision over their top. Bifocal lenses can be made with near segments of many different shapes. In all bifocals the patient can only focus for distance and a single range of near working distances. The field of view for near vision is dependent on the shape, size and position of the near segment within the distance lenses. Trifocal lenses are similar to bifocal lenses except that they provide one additional range of intermediate distances. The field of view is generally smaller for the intermediate distance and is dependant on the segment shape, height and position. Progressive lenses provide an area of distance vision at the top and a corridor of gradually increasing intermediate power below. An area of unchanging power for near vision is located at the bottom of the corridor towards the bottom of the lens. To provide the changing powers required, these lenses have areas on either side of the co