梁启超“新文体”研究.pdf

梁启超“新文体”研究 摘 要 作为一个报人和启蒙宣传家，梁启超在《时务报》《清议报》《新民丛报》 等报刊的编辑、管理等方面取得了举世瞩目的成就。以此为依托，其“新文体” 在当时取得了“开文章之新体，激民气之暗潮”的传播效果，产生了广泛而深 远的影响。他传播了西方资产阶级民主、 自由、法治等近代思想观念和制度文 化，从根本上动摇了腐朽落后的封建意识形态，推广了维新变法乃至民主革命 的意识和要求；依据进化论，倡导“文界革命”“诗界革命”“小说界革命”，促 进了中国文化、文学的近代化转型以及新文化运动的发生；以报章形式作时务 文字，打破陈腐教条，兼收并蓄，不拘一格，创造出使国人“如饮狂泉”的“新 文体”，为白话文写作的最终确立做出了巨大贡献。“新文体”并非一成不变， 而是随着梁启超的报刊实践活动及其关注的焦点逐渐变化，报刊作为其文章的 载体和传播的媒介，对“新文体”的形成和广泛传播起到了不容忽视的作用。 故研究“新文体”不能不研究梁启超创办、主持或编辑的报刊，本文拟运用传 播、媒介相关知识、方法对梁启超的“新文体”进行分析，力图还原“新文体” 生长的历史土壤和文化语境，探讨在汉语和中国文学从单一的闭合文化被迫转 向多元的开放文化的剧烈变化中，以近代报刊为代表的大众传播媒介所起到的 积极促进作用，以及文学作品、文学语言与传播媒介之关系。 关键词：梁启超；新文体；报刊；传播；媒介；《时务报》；《清议报》；《新民 丛报》 3 梁启超“新文体”研究 Abstract Liang Qichao was such a good publisher and propagator that he had earned great fame in managing the press, such as The Chinese Progress, The China Discussion, and Sein Min Choong Bou, by means of which his new style essays had widely spread and been well accepted. As a result, the concept of democracy, freedom, law and so on, came into eyes of Chinese people from western capitalistic countries. The feudal ideology was sharply undermined, and the awareness of and calls for reform or revolution developed rapidly. According to the theory of evolution, he advocated revolution in the field of essays, revolution in the field of poem and revolution in the field of fiction, having furthered the process of the modernization of Chinese culture and literature. The articles, called the new style, focusing on reality, which he wrote in the periodicals in a different way from the tradition, contained various attractive words and sentences, so that t