ComputerEnglishUnit5SoftwareProcess(计算机英语第五单元软件过程).doc

Unit 5 Software Process第五单元： 软件过程 Section A Software Process Models课文A： 软件过程模型 Ⅰ.Introduction一、引言 A software process is a set of activities that leads to the production of a software product. These activities may involve the development of software from scratch in a standard programming language like Java or C. Increasingly, however, new software is developed by extending and modifying existing systems and by configuring and integrating off-the-shelf software or system components.一个软件过程是生产出软件产品的一系列活动。 这些活动可能涉及使用一种像Java或C这样的标准编程语言从零开始开发软件。 然而，开发新软件越来越多地使用的方法是，扩展和修改现有系统，以及配置和集成现成软件或系统组件。 A software process model is an abstract representation of a software process. Each process model represents a process from a particular perspective, and thus provides only partial information about that process. This section introduces a number of very general process models (sometimes called process paradigms) and presents them from an architectural perspective. That is，we see the framework of the process but not the details of specific activities.一个软件过程模型是对一个软件过程的一种抽象表示。 每个过程模型都从一个特定角度表示一个过程，因此都只提供有关那个过程的部分信息。 本文介绍几种非常通用的过程模型（有时称为过程范例），并从体系结构的角度描述它们。 也就是说，我们看到的是过程的框架，而非具体活动的细节。 These generic models are not definitive descriptions of software processes. Rather, they are abstractions of the process that can be used to explain different approaches to software development. You can think of them as process frameworks that may be extended and adapted to create more specific software engineering processes.这些类属模型不是对软件过程的规定性描述。 确切点说，它们是过程的抽象，可用于解释软件开发的不同方法。 你可以将其视为可扩展和调整以创建更为具体软件工程过程的过程框架。 The process models covered here are the waterfall model, evolutionary development and component-based software engineering. These three generic process models are widely used in current software engineering practice. They are not mutually exclusive and are often used together, especially for large systems development. Sub-systems within a larger system may be developed using differ