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定语从句完全解析.ppt

发布:2017-06-17约3.41千字共26页下载文档
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* * (一)定义及相关术语 1.定语从句: 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2.先行词: 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3.关系词: 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词 关系代词有: that, which, who, whom, whose, as等 关系副词有: when, where, why 关系词通常有下列三个作用: A.引导定语从句; B.代替先行词; C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. (二)关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 2. whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 注意:关系代词 whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替,也可省略。 3. which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。 The house which is by the lake looks nice. 4.that 指人时,相当于 who 或 whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。 The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 5. whose 通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (三)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。 The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous. The school in which he once studied is very famous. 注意: 1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如:look for, look after, take care of 等。 This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. 2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用whom,不可用who, that;关系代词指物时只可用which,不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. 3.“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each , few 等代词或者数词。 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (四)关系副词引导的定语从句 1.when 指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 2. where 指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。 Shanghai is the city where I was born. 3.why 指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 注意:关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。 From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. (五)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 A.限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“,”与主句隔开。用逗
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