抽油机毕业论文.doc

东北石油大学本科生毕业设计（论文） 摘 要 抽油机是指能把流体从地下抽出的装置。曲柄的旋转运动被改变成被固定在曲柄的一端的连杆臂的一双灵活的机构的往复运动并且曲柄的另一端通过这样的连接绕过多个滚筒延伸，然后垂直向下朝向井头。灵活的机构在其另一端以一定装置被连接到到光杆。灵活的机构和光杆，基于在同一垂直平面，因此，真正的垂直往复运动便传递给光杆。灵活的机构包括非金属肩带，有相当的宽度，以提供稳定的运动。多年来，油从地表下方的一个领域以抽油机的方式被抽出，这种方式是由抽油机的往复光杆连接到由钻具操作的潜水泵来实现的。不同类型的抽油机都是合适的，本发明涉及到一个抽油机以便于合理地应用在操作一个泵去把液体从地下抽到地表的领域，如石油，是低于地表的领域并且由于抽油机的低姿态尤其在具有中心支点的喷灌系统领域中抽油机是很有效的。 关键词：抽油机；曲柄；机构 Abstract A pumping unit for pumping fluids from a location beneath the surface of a field. The rotary motion of a crankarm is changed to a reciprocating motion of a pair of flexible members by pitman arms pivotally secured at one end to the crankarm and at the other end to the flexible members which extend from such connection over a plurality of rollers and then vertically downward toward the well head.The flexible members are connected at their other ends to means connected to the polished rod.Portions of the flexible members and the polished rod lie in the same vertical plane so that true vertical reciprocating movement is imparted to the polished rod.The flexible members comprise non-metallic straps having a substantial width to provide stability of movement. For many years, oil from beneath the surface of a field has been pumped by means of a pumping unit .which reciprocates a polished rod connected to a drill string to operate a submerged pump. This invention relates to a pumping unit suitable for use in a field for operating a pump to remove fluids, such as oil, from beneath the surface of the field and is particularly useful in fields having center pivot sprin-kler irrigation systems because of the low profile of the pumping unit. Keywords: pumping unit；a crankarm；members 第1章 概述 1.1抽油机概述 1.1.1抽油机的一般知识 抽油机是有杆抽油的地面动力传动设备，是构成“三抽”系统的主要组成部分。抽油机的产生和运用由来已久，迄今已有百年历史。应用最早·普及最广的属常规型游梁式抽油机，至今在世界各产油国中仍占绝对优势.结构简单、可拿咐用、操作维修方便是其经久不衰的恨本原因。然而，随着油田的不断开发，要求抽油机具有长冲程、大负荷、能耗低、体积小、重量轻等性能特点来满足日益发展的油田开发的需要。70年代以来，有杆抽油技术有了突破性进展，各种新型的抽油机相继研制成功，投入生产。目前，国外至少有30家公司，国内至少有20家厂、院、校、所，在专门研究制造新型抽油机。 1.1.2 抽油机的分类 抽油机主要分游梁式油