02哈工大操作系统第二章.pdf

Operating System Dr. GuoJun LIU Harbin Institute of Technology /os/ Chapter 02 Operating System Overview 操作系统概述 Learning Objectives  Summarize the key functions of an operating system  Discuss the evolution of operating systems for early simple batch systems to modern complex systems  Give a brief explanation of major achievements  Discuss virtual machines and virtualization  Discuss Windows 、Unix and Linux Dr. GuoJun LIU Operating System Slides-3 Outline  Operating System Objectives and Functions  Evolution of Operating Systems  Major Achievements  Virtual Machines and Virtualization  Traditional Operating System  Windows  Unix  Linux Dr. GuoJun LIU Operating System Slides-4 Operating systems are those programs that interface the machine with the applications programs. The main function of these systems is to dynamically allocate the shared system resources to the executing programs. As such, research in this area is clearly concerned with the management and scheduling of memory, processes, and other devices. But the interface with adjacent levels continues to shift with time. Functions that were originally part of the operating system have migrated to the hardware. On the other side, programmed functions extraneous to the problems being solved by the application programs are included in the operating system. -- WHAT CAN BE AUTOMATED?: THE COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING RESEARCH STUDY, MIT Press, 1980 OS Objectives and Functions  A program that controls the execution of application programs  An interface between applications and hard