system dynamics modeling of individual transferable quota fisheries and suggestions for rebuilding stocks系统动力学建模的个体可转让配额渔业和建议重建库存.pdf

Sustainability 2011, 3, 184-215; doi:10.3390/su3010184 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 /journal/sustainability Article System Dynamics Modeling of Individual Transferable Quota Fisheries and Suggestions for Rebuilding Stocks Edward J. Garrity Information Systems Department, Richard J. Wehle School of Business, Canisius College, 2001 Main St. Buffalo, New York, NY 14208, USA; E-Mail: garrity@; Tel.: +1-716-888-2267; Fax: +1-716-888-2525 Received: 9 December 2010 / Accepted: 7 January 2011 / Published: 12 January 2011 Abstract: This paper develops a system dynamics model of Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) systems in order to differentiate ITQ from total allowable catch (TAC) effects and to identify areas where policy changes and management improvement may be most effective. ITQ systems provide incentives for long-term stewardship but when fisheries are managed ―at the edge,‖ the incentives are inadequate for stock rebuilding. The free-market design of ITQ systems means that fishermen may be in conflict with the long-run, public sustainability goals of fishery management. An adaptive control scheme with a contingent public/private transfer payment is proposed to improve long-term results for both the local community and the general public. Keywords: fisheries management; individual transferable quota (ITQ); system dynamics; co-management; precautionary approach; sustainability; ecosystem based management 1. Introduction Many salt water fish stocks are in decline worldwide. Overfishing has led to the compl