the burden of selected chronic non-communicable diseases and their risk factors in malawi nationwide steps survey选择负担的慢性非传染性疾病及其危险因素在马拉维全国性调查的步骤.pdf

The Burden of Selected Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases and Their Risk Factors in Malawi: Nationwide STEPS Survey 1 2 3 3 3 Kelias P. Msyamboza *, Bagrey Ngwira , Titha Dzowela , Chimwemwe Mvula , Damson Kathyola , Anthony D. Harries4,5, Cameron Bowie2 1 World Health Organisation, Malawi Country Office, Lilongwe, Malawi, 2 University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Community Health Department, Blantyre, Malawi, 3 Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi, 4 International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France, 5 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom Abstract Background: Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are becoming significant causes of morbidity and mortality, particularly in sub-Saharan African countries, although local, high-quality data to inform evidence-based policies are lacking. Objectives: To determine the magnitude of NCDs and their risk factors in Malawi. Methods: Using the WHO STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance, a population-based, nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted between July and September 2009 on participants aged 25–64 years. Socio- demographic and behaviour risk factors were collected in Step 1. Physical anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were documented in Step 2. Blood cholesterol and fasting blood glucose were measured in Step 3. Results and Conclusion: A total of 5,206 adults (67% females) were surveyed. Tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and raised blood pressure (BP) were more frequent in males than females, 25% vs 3%, 30% vs 4% and 37% vs 29%. Overweight, physical inactivity a