大学化工专业英语Lesson 4.doc

Chemical Reaction Engineering 化学反应工程 Every industrial chemical process is designed to produce economically a desired product from a variety of starting materials through a succession of treatment steps. 每一个工业化学过程的目的是从不同的原料，经过一系列的处理步骤经济所需的产品。 Fig. -1 shows a typical situation. 图 -1展示了一个典型的情况。 The raw materials undergo a number of physical treatment steps to put them in the form in which they can be reacted chemically. 原料进行了一些物理的步骤，使它们化学反应。They then pass through the reactor. 然后他们通过反应器。 The products of the reaction must then undergo further physical treatmentseparations, purifications, etc. —— for the final desired product to be obtained. 产物要经历进一步的物理分离，以获得期望的最终产品。 Design of equipment for the physical treatment steps is studied in the unit operations. 物理处理步骤设备的设计在单元操作中研究。 Here we are concerned with the chemical treatment step of a process. 在这里我们关心的是一个过程的化学处理步骤。 Economically this may be an inconsequential unit, say a simple mixing tank . 从经济的可能，说一个简单的More often than not, however, the chemical treatment step is the heart of the process, the thing that makes or breaks the process economically. 然而，化学处理步骤是过程，。Design of the reactor is no routine matter, and many alternatives can be proposed for a process . 反应器的设计的事，。In searching for the optimum it is not just the cost of reactor that must be minimized. 寻找最佳的不仅是最小化。One design may have low reactor cost, but the materials leaving the unit may be such that their treatment requires much higher cost than alternative design. 一个设计反应器的成本，但材料离开需要。Hence, the economics of the over-all process must be considered. 因此，。 Reactor design uses information, knowledge, and experience from a variety of areas thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, mass transfer, and economics. 反应器的设计使用了各个领域的信息，知识和经验，热力学，化学动力学，流体力学，传热，传质，和经济Chemical reaction engineering is, the synthesis of all these factors with the aim of properly designing a chemical reactor. 化学反应工程，，。 The design of chemical reactors is probably the one acti