儿科学 1（pediatrics 1）.doc

儿科学 1（pediatrics 1） Pediatrics 1. TXT pediatrics The first unit of pediatrics I. children grow and develop 1. Weight: 1 year old: 1-6 months = birth weight + month age * 0.7 7-12 months = 6 + 0.5 * months of age Age 2-12: weight = age * 2 + 8 2. Length: about 50cm, the first is 25cm Age 2-12 years old = age * 7 + 70 3. Head circumference: newborns 34cm, 1 year old circumference 46cm, 2 years old about 48cm 4. Chest circumference: at birth 32cm, 1-1.5 year old chest circumference = head circumference Age 1 to youth: chest circumference = age + head circumference - 1 5. Fontanelle: the closing age of the former fontanelle is: 12-18 months 6. Newborn stage breathing: 40-45 pulse: 120-140 Blood pressure: systolic pressure = 80 + age * 2 Diastolic pressure = systolic pressure * 2/3 Childrens nutrition Protein 10-15% Fat 25-30% - an important source of heat supply Sugar 50-60% - the main source of heat Vitamin and inorganic salt water soluble vitamins are: VitB Iii. Childrens diagnosis The focus of the childs watch is (see the eye), first choice observation: eyes The order of observation of the child form is: head, trunk, limb, hair, fingernail Iv. Fluid balance of children 1. Dehydration of children: mild: 5%; Moderate: 5-10%; Severe: 10% 2, rehydration (1) quantitative: mild 30-50ml/kg; Moderate 50-100; Severe 100-200 (2) qualitative: principle: salt after sugar. Low permeability and dehydration: 2/3 sheets of sodium solution Etc. : 1/2 sheets of sodium containing sodium Hypertonic dehydration: 1/3-1/5 of the sodium containing solution (3) speed: severe dehydration: the first choice is to apply a 2:1 liquid containing sodium Hypertonic dehydration: slow rate of infusion Unit 2 newborn disease Neonatal jaundice 1. Physiological jaundice: 2 to 3 days after birth Total bilirubin foot of the moon 221, premature baby 257 2. Pathological jaundice: occurs within 24h or 36h after birth, or occurs within 1 week or weeks after birth. Total bilirubin foot (221, preterm) 257 Ii