氯化氢生产工艺.doc

摘 要 作为合成聚氯乙烯材料的一种，盐酸的合成是必不可少的一部分。 本设计承担年产60万吨聚氯乙烯生产工艺流程设计中盐酸的合成供需的工艺设计。 通过对国内外PVC发展概况及盐酸生产的了解，随着氯碱工业的蓬勃发展，为了与烧碱生产能力配套，合成盐酸的规模也在不断扩大。在氯碱生产企业中，通常采用氯气和氢气直接合成氯化氢，用水吸收氯化氢制取盐酸。本设计采用在反应器中将氢气点燃，然后通入氯气进行反应，制得氯化氢气体。氯化氢气体冷却后用水吸收制得盐酸。在氯气和氢气的反应过程中，有毒的氯气被过量的氢气所包围，使氯气的道充分反映，防止了对空气的污染。 近年来随着不透性石墨设备的发展，制取盐酸的合成炉已有最初的贴合成炉发展到“二合一”合成炉、“三合一”石墨合成炉等。通过对这几种合成炉的比较，本设计采用“二合一”石墨炉。 通过从工艺和安全上的比较，用CAD制图软件绘制了盐酸的工艺流程图。另外，通过物料衡算和能量衡算，以及主要设备的计算及选型，并对所选设备列出设备一览表。 关键词：盐酸，聚氯乙烯，盐酸设备，合成炉 Abstract As a kind of synthetic PVC material, hydrochloric acid synthesis is an essential part. The design of 60 million tons of PVC undertake production process design of supply and demand of hydrochloric acid synthesis process design. Through the development of domestic and foreign PVC survey and hydrochloric acid production of understanding, along with the vigorous development of chlor-alkali industry to burn Alkali production capacity of form a complete set, the scale of hydrochloride was synthesized in expands unceasingly. In chlor-alkali production enterprise, usually USES chlorine and hydrogen The direct synthesis of hydrogen preparation, water absorption hydrogen hydrochloric acid. This design USES the reactor, then will the hydrogen lit general into Reacting to chlorine gas alkalization hydrogen. Hydrogen gas cools water absorption process hydrochloric acid. The chlorine and hydrogen in reverse Should process, poisonous chlorine was surrounded by excessive amounts of hydrogen, chlorine, prevent the way fully reflected in the air pollution. In recent years, with no permeability graphite equipment development, producing hydrochloric acid synthesis furnace has first joint into furnace development to two Unity synthesis furnace, three-in-one graphite synthesis furnace, etc. Based on the comparison of several synthesis furnace, the design USES composite A graphite furnace Through the process and security comparison, drawn with CAD drawing software flow chart of hydrochloric acid. In addition, through Material calcul