初中英语八种时态归纳一览表.doc
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时态
概念
时间状语
基本结构:
否定结构
疑问结构
一般现在时
经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
always,usually,often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.
①be动词;
②行为动词
①am/is/are+not;
②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesnt,同时还原行为动词。
①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
一般过去时
过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为
ago,yesterday, the day before yesterday, in 1989,just now,
last week(year, night, month…),
at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
①be动词;
②行为动词
否定形式:①was/were+not;
②在行为动词前加didnt,同时还原行为动词。
①was或were放于句首;
②用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
现在进行时
表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为
now, atthis time, these days, etc
基本结构:am/is/are+doing
am/is/are+not+doing.
把be动词放于句首
过去进行时
表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作
at thistime yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
was/were+doing
was/were+ not + doing
把was或were放于句首
现在完成时:
过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
recently,lately, since…for…,
in the past few years, etc.
have/has+ done
have/has+ not +done.
have或has放于句首
过去完成时
以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
before,
by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
had +done
had + not+ done
had放于句首
一般将来时
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事
tomorrow,next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day aftertomorrow, etc.
am/is/are+
going to + do;
will/shall + do.
①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didnt,同时还原行为动词。
①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。
过去将来时
立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中
the nextday(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc
was/were/going to + do;
②would/should + do.
①was/were/not + going to + do;
②would/should + not + do.
①was或were放于句首;
②would/should 提到句首。
在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用別的表达方式:①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中;②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用;③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time haspassed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看:
A. He joined theLeague two years ago.
B. He has been inthe League for two years.
C. It is two yearssince he joined the League.
D. Two years haspassed sinc
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