2008-Aquatic Toxicology-Development of the morpholino gene knockdown technique in Fundulus(例子).pdf

Aquatic Toxicology 87 (2008) 289–295 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Aquatic Toxicology journa l homepage: www.e lsev ier .com/ locate /aquatox Development of the morpholino gene knockdown technique in Fundulus heteroclitus: A tool for studying molecular mechanisms in an established environmental model Cole W. Matsona, Bryan W. Clarka, Matthew J. Jennyb, Carrie R. Fleminga, Mark E. Hahnb, Richard T. Di Giulioa,?a Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0328, United States b Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States envi not d ) is o evelo t ma nmen n wi ologi sh as a nomi s. Mo A cy O-ina r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 17 January 2008 Received in revised form 13 February 2008 Accepted 19 February 2008 Keywords: Fundulus heteroclitus Antisense morpholino oligonucleotide CYP1A Atlantic killifish Genetic toxicology Development Teratogenesis a b s t r a c t A significant challenge in in laboratory models are fish (Fundulus heteroclitus genomic tools have been d toxicology will require tha more applicable to enviro down technology has bee be a powerful tool in toxic expand the utility of killifi use in Fundulus. Morpholi between these two specie and phenotypic methods. methodology. For CYP1AM CYP1A protein, a significant inc tional duration (50% reduction demonstrated thatMO technolo as they have been in zebrafish. 1. Introduction The Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) is one of the most abundant estuarine fish along the Atlantic coast of the United States; as such it is ecologically very important (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1953;Meredith and Lotrich, 1979; Lee et al., 1980;Kneib, 1986; Burnett et al., 2007). Although killifish are widespread, they have small home ranges, which make them ideal for studying the effects of local stressors (Lotrich, 1975). They are tolerant of significant changes in many environmental conditions, including salin