Part Three Thermodynamics第三部：热力学.ppt

Part Three: Thermodynamics第三部:熱力學;World energy consumption (2008): ~ 15?1012 (15 trillion / tera) watts., mostly from fossil fuels 世界的能源消耗量 (2008): ~ 15?1012 (15兆) 瓦，大部份都來自化石燃料。;Rank??;Part Three: Thermodynamics第三部:熱力學;16. Temperature Heat 温度熱量;How does this photo reveal heat loss from the house? 這圖片如何揭露房子的熱損耗? And how can you tell that the car was recently driven? 你又如何曉得車子不久前被開過?;16.1. Heat , Temperature Thermodynamic Equilibrium熱量，温度 熱力平衡;Gas Thermometers the Kelvin Scale氣體温度計 克氏溫標;Temperature Scales 溫標;Supplement 附錄;Heat Temperature 熱(量)温度;16.2. Heat Capacity Specific Heat 熱容量 比熱;c = c(P,V) for gases ? cP , cV .;Example 16.1. Waiting to Shower 等洗澡;The Equilibrium Temperature 平衡温度;GOT IT? 16.1. ;Example 16.2. Cooling Down 冷下來;16.3. Heat Transfer 熱傳遞;Conduction 傳導;;Example 16.3. Warming a Lake 湖水加温;applies only when T = const over each (planar) surface 限用於相隣(平面)截面上 T = 常數;GOT IT? 16.2. ;Insulating properties of building materials are described by the R-factor ( R-value ) . 建築材料的絕熱性能以 R-因子 (R-值)表示。;Example 16.4. Cost of Oil;例 16.4. 油費;Convection 對流;Examples 範例 : Boiling water 燒水. Heating a house 房子加熱. Sun heating earth ? Climate, storms. 太陽加熱地球 ? 氣候，暴風。 Earth mantle ? continental drift 地殼 ? 大陸漂移 Generation of B in stars planets. 為恆星及行星產生磁場;Radiation 輻射;Wien‘s displacement law 維恩位移定律 : ?max = b / T ? P ? T4 ? Radiation dominates at high T. 輻射在高温時為主導 Wavelength of peak radiation becomes shorter as T increases. 輻射高峯的波長隨 T 增大而變短 Sun ~ visible light. 太陽 ~ 可見光 Near room T ~ infrared. 室温 ~ 紅外線;GOT IT 懂嗎 ? 16.3. ;Example 16.5. Sun’s Temperature 太陽的温度;Conceptual Example 15.1. Energy-Saving Windows 省能窗户;Making the Connection 連起來 ;16.4. Thermal Energy Balance 熱能的平衡;Example 16.6. Hot Water 熱水;Example 16.7. Solar Greenhouse 太陽能温室;Application: Greenhouse Effect Global Warming應用：温室効應和地球暖化;CO2 increased by 36% 二氧化碳增加 36%