结构型阅读.doc

结构型命题在高考阅读理解中的表现 老河口市一中 昝改清 课堂阅读活动，至少要实现三个方面的目标：一是充分获得语言信息，这是最主要的目标；二是理解文章的篇章结构；三是理解课文中的词汇和句子结构。高考试题主要侧重语言信息的考查。但是最近两年，对语篇结构的考查试题也频繁出现在各地高考英语阅读理解题中，而且已经成为了一种独立的命题形式----结构题。结构题型首先源于TOEFL阅读。从结构上讲，它是一种形式，是结构构成的形式基本单位；同时它又是文章中相对独立的一部分内容，是文章内容构成的基本单位。就其考查内容而言，可分为三种：考查考生对整个文章结构的组织能力；考查考生对后文内容的预测能力；考查考生对文章写作手法、修辞手段的赏析能力。下面结合近几年高考试题，谈谈这一题型在高考中的表现。 结构型命题表现之一 文章的篇章结构 文章的结构,是文章段落与段落、段落与整体之间的内在联系和外部形式的统一。文章的 结构是文章的“骨架”，是谋篇布局的手段，是运用材料反映中心思想的方法。这种考查方式主要体现在议论文和说明文文体上。从段落组织方式上讲，常见的文章结构有三种：总分式结构（总→分；总→分→总；分→总）、并列式结构（段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立）、对照式结构（结构形式上是一正一反）；从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类： Put forward a question →Analyze the question → Solve the question 即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程；Argument/idea → Evidence → conclusion/ restating the idea 即“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。从命题角度来讲，常见的提问方式有： How is the passage organized?； Which of the following best shows the structure/organization of the passage? The author develops the passage mainly by _________. What will the author most probably talk about next? In the next part, the author would most probably discuss with you ________. A 考查段落的组织方式 例（1）2008（北京）------总→分→总 The Diet Zone: A Dangerous Place Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet. We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically（身体上）. Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale（秤）instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels. On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Ev