初中英语被动语态讲解-练习及答案.pdf
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被动语态
一、 考点、热点回顾
【词汇辨析】
1. across, through 穿过
across 指从一定范围的一边到另一边。动作是在物体的表面进行。常用于横穿街道、河流,穿过
桥梁等。 eg: They walk across the bridge. 他们步行走过了这座桥。
through 侧重从物体的内部空间穿过,动作是在物体内部进行。常用于门、窗户、森林等。
eg: He walks through the park. 他步行穿过公园。
2. ill ,sick―生病的 ‖。
ill 只在系动词后作表语 eg: Her mother was ill in bed.
sick 既可作表语 eg: Her mother was sick in bed.
也可作定语 eg: Jane is taking care of her sick mother.
若 ill 作定语,译为 ―坏的,恶劣的 ‖
eg: an ill person 一个坏人
sick 作表语时也常译为 ―恶心的,想吐的 ―
eg: The boy always feels sick when he travels by car.
【固定搭配】 动词 + 名词 / 代词 / 副词 + 介词
make room for 给 腾出地方 eg: We can make room for her at this table.
play a joke on 戏弄人;对人恶作剧 eg: We can ’t play a joke on law.
speak highly of 称赞 eg: The customs speak highly of their quality of service .
say good bye to 告别;告辞 eg: I dont want to say good bye to them.
take an active part in 积极参加 eg: They take an active part in school activities.
take care of 照顾;照料;注意 eg: Could you take care of my plants while Im on vacation?
【被动语态】
(一)语态: 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
英语中有两种语态: 主动语态和被动语态 。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 。
例如: Many people speak Chinese.
谓语: speak 的动作是由主语 many people 来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
例如: Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语 English 是动词 speak 的承受者。
(二)被动语态的构成
被动语态由 “助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词 ”构成。 人称、 数和时态的变化是通过 be 的变化表现
出来的。现以 speak 为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时: am /is /are +spoken
一般过去时: was /were +spoken
一般将来时: will /shall be +spoken
现在进行时: am /is /are being +spoken
过去进行时: was/were being +spoken
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