socio-economic variation in price minimizing behaviors findings from the international tobacco control (itc) four country survey社会经济变化的价格减少国际烟草控制的行为结果(itc)四个国家调查.pdf

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8, 234-252; doi:10.3390/ijerph8010234 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ISSN 1660-4601 /journal/ijerph Article Socio-Economic Variation in Price Minimizing Behaviors: Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey Andrea S. Licht 1,2,*, Andrew J. Hyland 1, Richard J. O’Connor 1, Frank J. Chaloupka 3, Ron Borland 4, Geoffrey T. Fong 5,6, Nigar Nargis 5 and K. Michael Cummings 1 1 Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; E-Mails: andrew.hyland@ (A.J.H.); richard.o‘connor@ (R.J.O.); michael.cummings@ (K.M.C.); 2 Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA 3 Department of Economics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; E-Mail: fjc@ 4 Vic Health Center for Tobacco Control, The Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; E-Mail: ron.borland@.au 5 Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; E-Mails: gfong@uwaterloo.ca (G.T.F.); nnargis2100@ (N.N.) 6 Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: andrea.licht@; Tel.: +1-716-845-7619; Fax: +1-716-845-8487. Received: 1 December