经济学原理·萨缪尔森_中山大学岭南学院ch8..ppt

;A.Supply Behavior of the Competitive Firm;the Competitive Firm:;Demand Curve Is Completely Elastic for a Perfectly Competitive Firm;Supply Decision of Competitive Firm;;Firm’s Supply curve ;Firm’s Supply Curve Is Its Rising Marginal Cost Cure;Firm’s Supply Curve Travels Down the MC Curve to the Shutdown Point;;B. Supply Behavior in Competitive Industries;Add All Firms’ Supply Curves to Derive Market Supply;Short-run and long-run equilibrium;Effect of Increase in Demand on Price Varies in Different Time Periods;The long run for a competitive industry;Long-Run Industry Supply Depends on Cost Conditions;C. Special Cases of Competitive Markets;;Constant-Cost Case;Increasing costs and diminishing returns;Factors with Fixed Supply Earn Rent;Backward-Bending Supply Curve;Shifts in supply;D. Efficiency and Equity of Competitive Markets;Efficiency of Competitive Equilibrium;At Competitive Equilibrium Point E, the Marginal Costs and Utilities of Food Are Exactly Balanced;;Equilibrium with many consumers and markets;Competitive Market Integrates Consumers’ Demands and Producers’ Costs;the central role of marginal-cost pricing