2011全国大学生电子设计大赛.doc

南京林业大学 第二组 简易小车（C题） 摘要：本设计以设计题目的要求为目的，采用STC单片机（STC12C5604AD）作为智能小车的控制和检测核心，实现小车选择正确的行进路线采用反射式光电传感器感知与面颜色有较大差别的。驱动电机采用直流电机，电机控制方式为单向PWM控制Simple Intelligentized Electric Motors Automobile Abstract ：This design that focus on the competition task as the purpose, based on the single chip, STC12C5604AD, which is the center of controlling and detection of the intelligent car, to achieve the function of track identification and alterable speed. The design is used the wireless model SRWF-501 to realize two intelligent cars’ wireless communication and choosing the right movement track to overtake. To use the reflected photoelectric sensor and the rubber belt frame which has an obvious distinguish with the wood board as the guidance. The drive dynamo apply the style of direct current and ability of slowing down, the way of controlling dynamo is controlling of PWM. The whole circuit has a clear and simple design and also high quality. Key word: intelligently control, reflecting-infrared sensors, wireless communication ，PWM, intelligent automobile 目 录 系统方案选择和论证…………………………………………………………………………4 1.1 题目要求…………………………………………………………………………………4 1.1.1 基本要求………………………………………………………………………………2 发挥部分………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………5 各模块方案选择和论证………………………………………………………………5 1.2.2 系统各模块的最终方案…………………………………………………………………9 2 系统的硬件设计与实现………………………………………………………………………10 2.1 系统硬件的基本组成部分…………………………………………………………………11 2.2 主要单元电路的设计………………………………………………………………………11 2.2.1 检测部分的单元电路设计……………………………………………………………11 2.2.2 智能控制部分的单元电路设计…………………………………………………………12 3 系统的软件设计……………………………………………………………………………14 3.1寻轨迹子程序………………………………………………………………………………14 3.2 绕障碍物子程序………………………………………………………………………………14 3.3 其他子程序……………………………………………………………………………………163.4 系统主程序流程图……………………………………………………………………………16 4 系统测试…………………………………………………………………………………………17 4.1 测试仪器………………………………………………………………………………………17 4.2指标测试………………………………………………………………………………………18 4.2.1 光电检测部分测试…………………………………………………………………………18 4.2.2 前轮驱动电路…………………………………………………………………