定语从句讲解及练习.doc
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中考定语从句要点
【考点扫描】
中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:
定语从句的功用和结构
关系代词和关系副词的功用
各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。
【名师精讲】
一. 定语从句的功用和结构
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如:
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.
这是他送我的生日礼物。
Do you know everybody who came to the party?
你认识来参加聚会的所有人吗?
I still remember the night when I first came to the village?
我仍然记得我第一次来到这个村子的那个夜晚。
This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.
这是毛主席曾经住过的地方。
二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用
关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词可做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语。
1. 作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如:
I don’t like people who talk much but do little.
我不喜欢只说不做的人。
The cars which are produced in Hubei Province
河北省生产的车卖得很好。
2. 作宾语:
She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.
她是我昨天在校门口遇见的那个人。
The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.
我祖母给我的那本书叫《大逃亡》。
3. 作定语
关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如:
What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?
他姐姐是个医生的那个男士叫什么名字?
The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
那个女孩儿学习很刻苦,她爸爸是个医生。
(whose 引导的定语从句的句子常译成两句汉语)
4. 作状语
I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
我决不会忘记我第一次来北京的那一天。
This is the house where I was born.
这就是那栋房子,我出生在那里。
三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
1. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如:
The person who broke the window must pay for it.
谁打坏了这扇窗户都得赔。
The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
那个穿着黑色夹克的男孩儿很聪明。
2. whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。(现在的语法简化为,在大多数情况下,who也可以在从句中作宾语)例如:
Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?
你认识我们在门口遇见的那个人吗?
Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.
你想见的李先生已经来了。
3. whose 指人,在定语从句中作定语。例如:
The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.
那个女孩儿今天正待在家里,她的母亲病了。
I know the boy whose father is a professor.
我认识这个男孩儿,他的父亲是个教授。
4. which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如:
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
辞典是一本解释词汇意思的书。
Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.
这就是那
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