bt crop effects on functional guilds of non-target arthropods a meta-analysisbt作物对功能性公会对非靶标节肢动物一个荟萃分析的影响.pdf

Bt Crop Effects on Functional Guilds of Non-Target Arthropods: A Meta-Analysis 1 2 3 4 5 L. LaReesa Wolfenbarger , Steven E. Naranjo *, Jonathan G. Lundgren , Royce J. Bitzer , Lidia S. Watrud 1 Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America, 2 USDA-ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, Arizona, United States of America, 3 USDA-ARS North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, Brookings, South Dakota, United States of America, 4 Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Iowa, United States of America, 5 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America Abstract Background: Uncertainty persists over the environmental effects of genetically-engineered crops that produce the insecticidal Cry proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). We performed meta-analyses on a modified public database to synthesize current knowledge about the effects of Bt cotton, maize and potato on the abundance and interactions of arthropod non-target functional guilds. Methodology/Principal Findings: We compared the abundance of predators, parasitoids, omnivores, detritivores and herbivores under scenarios in which neither, only the non-Bt crops, or both Bt and non-Bt crops received insecticide treatments. Predators were less abundant in Bt cotton compared to unsprayed non-Bt controls. As expected, fewer specialist parasitoids of the target pest occurred in Bt maize fields com