伊斯坦布尔地铁开挖引起的环境问题及补救建议---毕业设计英文文献翻译.doc

Environmental problems caused by Istanbul subway excavation and suggestions for remediation 伊斯坦布尔地铁开挖引起的环境问题及补救建议 Ibrahim Ocak  Abstract：Many  environmental problems caused by subway excavations have  inevitably become an important  point in city life. These problems can be categorized as  transporting and stocking of excavated material, traf?c jams, noise, vibrations, piles of dust mud and lack of supplies. Although these problems cause many dif?culties,the most pressing for a big city like Istanbul is excavation,since other listed dif?culties result from it. Moreover, these problems are environmentally and regionally restricted to the period over which construction projects are underway and disappear when construction is ?nished. Currently, in Istanbul, there are nine subway construction projects in operation, covering approximately 73 km in length; over 200 km to be constructed in the near future. The amount of material excavated from ongoing construction projects covers approximately 12 million m3. In this study, problems—primarily, the problem with excavation waste(EW)—caused by subway excavation are analyzed and suggestions for remediation are offered. 摘要：许多地铁开挖引起的环境问题不可避免地成为城市生活的重要部分。这些问题可 归类为开挖肥料的运输和储存、交通堵塞、噪音污染、震动、成堆的灰尘和泥浆以及物资不 足。虽然这些问题引起很多困难，对于一个像伊斯坦布尔这样的城市，最亟待解决的问题是 开挖的问题，因为其他一系列问题都是由此引起的。此外，这些问题受环境和地域限制并具 有周期性，他们随工程项目开始和结束而出现和消失。最近，伊斯坦布尔有 9 条地铁项目在 施工，总长约有 73km，另外，将有超过 200km 的地铁线会在不久的将来动工。正在施工的 3 的问题，并对补救办法提出建议。  Keywords: Environmental problems  .Subway excavation .  Waste management . Excavation waste 关键词：环境问题 地铁开挖 废物处理 开挖废料 I. Ocak Rail Transport Construction Department, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, IETT General Directorate, Karakoy-Istanbul, Turkey I. Ocak (邮件) Mining Engineering Department, Istanbul University, Avc?lar-Istanbul, Turkey e-mail: iocak@.tr Introduction Nowadays, cities are spreading over larger areas with increasing demand on extending transport facilities. Thus,all over the world, especially in cities where the populat