Chapter 7 模糊信息.ppt

Chapter 17 模糊信息 Fuzziness as A General Feature of Language 1) Uncertainty in the boundary of words’ denotation 2) Subjectivity and arbitrariness in understanding things or phenomena in transition 3) Fuzzy wording in interpretation as a threat to accuracy, fluency and speed Fuzziness of Language: 1) Lexical Fuzziness eg. 时间词（包括季节词）、年龄词、颜色词、温度词、味觉词、相对形容词 eg. 三、五、九 vs. three, five, nine twenty, a hundred and one, a thousand and one vs. 二十、一百零一、一千零一 2) Semantic Fuzziness eg.大约、左右、也许、大概、说不定、若干 about, probably, sort of , almost, in a sense, roughly, commonly, excessive, sufficient, temporarily, etc. clean and neat condition, hasten, minimize, narrow, likewise, more or less, where needed/necessary, as may be necessary, as the case may be, at any time, in such event , such being the case, if necessary/any, etc. Fuzzy Wording – 6 Semantic Functions: 1) Fill in information gaps 当我们讲话时偶然忘记某一词而不知该用什么表达时，为不使谈话中断，可借助模糊词语。 eg. John has gone out with what’s his name … you know, the girl with the curly blond hair. 约翰刚和一个 … 名字叫什么来着 … 你知道，那个金色卷发女郎一起出去了。 Fuzzy Wording – 6 Semantic Functions: 2) Give general summarization 当我们列举一系列事物时，有时无需注意列出全部项目，这是往往借助于模糊词语予以概括。例如， eg. She bought tomatoes， potatoes， beans and things like that. 她买了西红柿、土豆、豆角，诸如此类。 Fuzzy Wording – 6 Semantic Functions: 3) Add to flexibility in wording eg. We have been always accepting the settlement by letter of credit. However， we shall consider using D/A or D/P in the future. 我们一直只接受信用证结算。不过，我们在将来会考虑用承兑交单或付款交单的方式。 eg. What you mentioned in your suggestion last time concerning the question of agency has had our attention. 贵方上次所建议的与代理有关的问题已引起我们的关注。 Fuzzy Wording – 6 Semantic Functions: 4) Add to politeness, implicitness and tactfulness in wording eg. Under such circumstances, it seems best for one to let his colleagues know before any action is taken. 在这些情形下，如果在采取行动以前通知一下其他同事，那样似乎会更好一些。 eg. The joint venture established by the two sides was