英语人教版九年级全册一般过去时态的被动语态的构成 .docx

一、 Grammar 一般过去时态的被动语态的构成 英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。如： We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 我们昨天打扫了教室。 (主动语态，主语we是clean这一动作的执行者) The classroom was cleaned yesterday. 教室昨天被打扫。 (被动语态，主语the classroom是clean这一动作的承受者) 一、一般过去时被动语态 一般过去时被动语态的结构为“主语+ was /were +及物动词的过去分词 (+by+动作的执行者).”。如： Trees were planted last spring. 去年春天种了树。 1. 肯定句： 主语 + was/were +及物动词的过去分词 + 其他. Paper was invented by Chinese people two thousand years ago. 纸是中国人在二千多年前发明的。 2. 否定句： 主语 + was/were not +及物动词的过去分词 + 其他. Women were not allowed to take part in the games at first. 开始妇女不允许参加奥运会。 3. 一般疑问句： Was/Were +主语 +及物动词的过去分词 + 其他? Were these pictures drawn by your sister? 这些图片是由你妹妹画的吗？ 二、被动语态的用法： 1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。 e.g. English is spoken all over the world. 全世界都在说英语。 2. 需要突出或强调动作的承受者。 e.g. This dictionary is used by most students. 这本字典是大多数学生在用的。 三、主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题 1. 有些短语动词相当于及物动词，变为被动句时介词或副词不能去掉。 They put off the meeting because of the weather. The meeting was put off because of the weather. 会议因天气的缘故被推迟了。 2. 含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句时，通常把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，指“物”的直接宾语保留不变；如果把指物”的直接宾语变为主语，则在间接宾语前加to或for。 My aunt gave me an e-dictionary yesterday. I was given an e-dictionary yesterday. An e-dictionary was given to me yesterday. 3. 主动句中感官动词see/hear/watch/feel等和使役动词make/let/have等后跟省略to 的动词不定式，变为被动语态时应加上不定式符号to。 I saw a heavy man enter the house. A heavy man was seen to enter the house. 4. 系动词、不及物动词或某些短语动词（happen, take place, come true, fall asleep…）没有被动语态。 What happened to Mr. Brown? 布朗先生发生了什么事？ Ⅳ. Exercises 练一练 将下列句子变为被动语态。 1. He chose six story books the other day. Six story books _____ _______ by him the other day. 2. Uncle Lee gave Jack a large cake for he painted the wall wonderfully. Jack ______ _____ a large cake for he painted the wall wonderfully. 3. A mouse ate half of the cake last night. Half of the _____ ____ by a mouse last night. 将下列句子变为主动语态。 4. Were these machines invented by Edison? _______ Edison _