smokeless tobacco use and religiousness无烟烟草使用和虔敬.pdf

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2009, 6, 225-231; doi:10.3390/ijerph6010225 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ISSN 1660-4601 /journal/ijerph Article Smokeless Tobacco Use and Religiousness Frank Gillum 1,*, Thomas O. Obisesan 1 and Nicole C. Jarrett 2 1 Howard University College of Medicine, 1112 Nora Drive, Silver Spring, MD 20904, USA E-mail: tobisesan@ 2 W. Montague Cobb/NMA Health Institute, 1012 Tenth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001, USA E-mail: njarrett@NMA * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: frank.gillum@; Tel.: +1- 301-458-4235; Fax: +1-301-458-4038 Received: 3 November 2008 / Accepted: 7 January 2009 / Published: 12 January 2009 Abstract: Although smoking shows a strong negative association with religiousness, no studies have appeared of use of smokeless tobacco (ST) and religiousness. To assess an association of use of ST and religiousness, data from 9,374 men aged 17 years and over with complete data on self-reported frequency of attendance at religious services and use of smokeless tobacco were analyzed. Among men aged 17-29 years, 4.9% of frequent attenders (=24 times/y) and 9.4% of others (24 times/y) were current users of ST (p