智能循光小车毕业设计论文.doc

毕业设计(论文) 智能循光小车设计 教学单位： 专业名称： 学 号： 学生姓名： 指导教师： 指导单位： 完成时间： 智能循光小车设计 摘要 本系统采用STC12C5A60S2单片机为主控芯片，该芯片常用于电机控制和强干扰场合。系统中采用五个光敏电阻模块和一个光强传感器BH1750FVI模块作为信号检测部分。光敏电阻模块采用了LM393比较器芯片，通过电位器调节比较电压进而来控制光敏电阻的灵敏度。BH1750FVI 模块是一种用于两线式串行总线接口的数字型光强度传感器集成电路，利用它的高分辨率可以探测LX到65535LX范围的光强度变化。系统以小车的四个电机为执行部分，电机驱动采用的是L298N芯片，该芯片可以驱动两台直流电机，本系统采用了两个L298N芯片来驱动四个直流电机。 本系统通过传感器来检测光照强度，把光照信息反馈给主控芯片，进而由主控芯片根据光的强弱和光源的方位来控制小车以最快的速度向光源走去。本小车通过一些改进可以用于实际应用中，如灭火机器人，搬运机器人等。 关键词智能小车寻找光源单片机STC12C5A60S2；传感器Intelligent Light Seeking Car Design Abstract This system uses STC12C5A60S2 single-chip microcomputer as main control chip, the chip used in motor control and strong interference. Of five photo resistance module and a light intensity sensor BH1750FVI module as part signal detection. Photosensitive resistance module adopts the LM393 comparator chips, by comparing potentiometer to adjust voltage and then to control the sensitivity of photosensitive resistance. BH1750FVI module is two line serial bus interface for a type of digital light intensity sensor IC, take advantage of its high resolution can detect 0 lx to 65535 lx range of light intensity changes. Four motors to perform part of the system to the car, motor driver is adopted L298N chip, the chip can drive two dc motors, this system adopts two four L298N chip to drive the dc motor. This system through the sensors to detect light intensity, the illumination information feedback to the main control chip, and then according to the strength of the light by the main control chip and the orientation of the light source to control the car with the fastest speed to the light source. This car through some improvements can be used in practical applications, such as fire-fighting robot, handling robot and so on. Keywords：The smart car；ight seeking；MCU；STC12C5A60S2The sensor 目 录 摘要 I Abstract II 1 绪论 1 1.1 智能小车的背景和意义 1 1.2 智能小车的作用和前景 1 2 总体方案设计 2 2.1 循光小车的功能分析 2 2.2 主控部分的设计 2 2.3 信号采集部分的设计 2 2.4 执行部分的设计 3 2.5 整体设计框架 3 3 硬件的设计 4 3.1 单片机控制单元 4 3.1.1