NSB知识和技术密集型产业的生产和贸易报告（2022-04-22）.docx

NATIONAL SCIENCE BOARD SCIENCE ENGINEERING INDICATORS 2022 Industry ActivitiesProduction and Trade of Knowledge- and Technology- Intensive Industries Industry Activities NSB-2022-6 April 19, 2022 This publication is part of the Science and Engineering Indicators suite of reports. Indicators is a congressionally mandated report on the state of the U.S. science and engineering enterprise. It is policy relevant and policy neutral. Indicators is prepared under the guidance of the National Science Board by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, a federal statistical agency within the National Science Foundation. With the 2020 edition, Indicators is changing from a single report to a set of disaggregated and streamlined reports published on a rolling basis. Detailed data tables will continue to be available online. National Science Board | Science Engineering Indicators National Science Board | Science Engineering Indicators | NSB-2022-6 PAGE 10 Table of Contents Executive Summary 7 Introduction 10 Production Patterns and Trends of Knowledge- and Technology-Intensive Industries 11 KTI Industries in the United States 11 KTI Industries in the Global Economy 28 Global Trade in Knowledge- and Technology-Intensive Output 35 Gross Flows of Trade in KTI Output 35 Value-Added Trade in KTI Output 41 Enabling Technologies 48 Artificial Intelligence (AI) 48 Biotechnology 59 Conclusion 70 Glossary 71 Definitions 71 Key to Acronyms and Abbreviations 73 References 75 Notes 82 Acknowledgments and Citation 85 Acknowledgments 85 Citation 85 Contact Us 86 Report Author 86 NCSES 86 List of Sidebars Geography of KTI Production in the United States 14 Trends in High-Performance Computing 49 U.S. Trade in Value Added: A Single-Country Perspective 45 List of Tables KTI-1 U.S. KTI industries, by value added and share of GDP: 2019 and 2020 12 KTI-2 Annual rates of change in U.S. KTI value added and GDP: 2002–20 21