高中英语非谓语动词讲解 整理.docx

高中英语非谓语动词讲解 整理 高中英语非谓语动词讲解lowbar;lpar;整理rpar; 非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。它们不受主语人称和数的限制， 不定式的用法： 常用于下列结构中： (1)It is/was +adj.+(of sb.) to do…（如 good/ kind/ nice/ clever/ foolish/ selfish…） (2)It is +adj.+(for sb.)+to do…（如easy / difficult / hard / / unwise / possible/ necessary…） (3)It is +a/an +名词+ to do...（如a pity/ a shame / a pleasure /one’s duty / an honor …） (4)It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience …to do… (5)It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do… 2. 动词不定式作宾语：ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等只能用动词不定式作宾语 *注意:1某些及物动词可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语但意义不同stop/ go on/ remember/ forget/ regret/ try/ mean… 2某些及物动词think, believe, consider, feel, find, make等后常用it作形式宾语 三、不定式的否定式：通常是在不定式前加not，表示较强的否定意义时可用never。 e.g. I told him not to touch the equipment. You must promise never to do that again. 1、不定式省to 1） 在had better, would rather, would rather...than, would sooner...than（宁愿……而不）, cannot but（不得不、只好）, why (not)等结构后面的不定式符号to通常被省略。 2） 动词不定式短语作介词but, except, besides的宾语,且介词之前有行为动词do或它的其它形式时,不定式符号to通常被省略。The child did nothing except weep. She can do anything but sing. 3） 两个或多个不定式短语表示并列关系时,后面不定式短语的不定式符号to通常被省略;如果表示对比关系,则不定式中的不定式符号to通常要保留。 eg: They didn’t tell me whether to go on or to stop.(对比关系) 他们没有告诉我是继续下去还是停止。 She told the child to stay there and wait till she came back.(并列关系) 她让孩子待在那里等她回来。 在某些感官动词或使役动词(如 hear, listen to, notice, observe, see, watch, make等)之后充当宾语补足语的不定式中,不定式符号to总是被省略,但在被动语态的句子中,不定式符号to通常要保留。 疑问词（也称连接代/副词）有：what, where, who(m), when, how, whether, which（why 除外） 动词-ing形式的要点 ①时间状语：Seeing Tom, I couldnt help thinking of his brother. 分词在句中作时间状语时，其前一般可加when或while， 如：When crossing street, you must be careful. ②原因状语：Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. ③方式或伴随状语：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty. 3. 主