加拿大港口介绍.ppt

Canadian Ports * Canada and the Global Economy Most of Canada’s continental trade with the US is transported by surface rather than marine mode. Marine transportation carried less than 10% of the total of to/from the US, with exports to the US comprising the major trade. Marine trade with the US amounted to less than 20 percent of total Canadian marine imports and exports by value. * Global Seaborne Trade In 2012, about 9.2?billion tons of goods were loaded in ports worldwide, with tanker trade (crude oil, petroleum products and gas) accounting for less than one third of the total and dry cargo being responsible for the remaining lion’s share. The total Canadian marine trade about 7 percent of the world’s total seaborne trade. Growth in containerized trade measured in 20-foot equivalent units (TEUs) slowed significantly in 2012, with volumes increasing by 3.2?per cent, down from 13.1? per cent in 2010 and 7.1? per cent in 2011. * Global Maritime Fleet Bulk ships comprised about 72 percent of the global fleet. The growth of the world fleet has been fueled by: Increases in energy and mineral cargoes (liquid and dry bulks) derived from a growing demand for these raw materials from North America, Europe, Japan, and China. Economic globalization reflecting the international division of production and enhanced trade liberalization. Technical improvements in ship and marine terminals facilitating increased productivity and lower freight costs in moving goods (e.g. containerization). Economies of scale being achieved from larger ships enabling maritime transport to remain a low cost mode of moving goods. * Trade Corridors and Gateways As a result of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) that included Mexico, Canada’s trade increasingly moved north-south rather than the more traditional east-west orientation. By the mid-1990s, north-south intermodal railway traffic surpassed east-west movements. A coherent, rational integrated North American highway system ha