TYPES OF SHIPS LINERS University of Rijeka（类型的船只衬垫里耶卡大学）.pdf

Unit 4 TYPES OF SHIPS LINERS Basic terms ^ liner ^ service ^ accommodation ^ shipowner ^ gear ^ general cargo ^ fixed route ^ coastal trade ^ deep-sea trade ^ cargo handling ^ vehicle ferry ^ sailing schedule The type of merchant vessel is determined basically by the traffic carried. Broadly speaking there are three main divisions: liners, tramps and specialized vessels such as tankers. These are vessels that operate on a regular scheduled service between groups of ports. Liner services offer cargo space or passenger accommodation to all shippers and passengers who require them. They sail on scheduled dates, irrespective of whether they are full or not. Therefore, in liner operation the regular scheduled service is the basis of this particular type of ships, and it is vitally important to the shipowner that everything is done to keep sailing and arrival dates. Cargo liners, or freighters as they are often called, are ships designed to carry general cargo (conventional cargo), although a few of them have accommodation for up to twelve passengers. Such vessels operate on fixed routes, serving a group of ports and operate on fixed sailing schedules - the vessel departing whether she is full or not. Their capacity varies from 200 d.w.t. (deadweight) with two holds in the short sea and coastal trades, to 15,000 d.w.t. with six holds or more, in the Mediterranean and deep-sea trades. Their speed varies from 13 to 22 knots in the deep sea and Mediterranean trades where the majority of the liners are found. They require efficient cargo handling gear to serve all hatches, including a jumbo derrick capable of dealing with heavy lifts. In many cargo liners, refrigerated accommodation, together with deep tanks for liquid cargo, is provided. In more re