Types of River Ecosystems EOLSS（类型的河流生态系统EOLSS）.pdf

FRESH SURFACE WATER – Vol. I - Types of River Ecosystems - G. van der Velde, R.S.E.W. Leuven, I. Nagelkerken TYPES OF RIVER ECOSYSTEMS G. van der Velde Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Wetland and Water Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands R.S.E.W. Leuven Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Wetland and Water Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands I. Nagelkerken Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Wetland and Water Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Keywords: Ecological concepts, Rivers,Ecotone,Hydrological Connectivity S S Contents S R 1. Introduction L E 2. Characteristics of riverine ecosystems 2.1. Flow O T 2.2. Stream order E P 2.3. Stream size 2.4. Land-water interface and other characteristics A – 2.5. Influx and retention of organic matter 2.6. Natural disturbance regime H 3. Four-dimensional perspective of river systems 4. Ecological river conceptsO C 4.1. Environmental gradients C 4.1.1. Stream zonation concept E S 4.1.2. River continuum concept L 4.1.3. Riverine productivity concept E 4.1.4. Stream hydraulics concept P 4.1.5. Hyporheic corridor concept N 4.2. Disturbance M U 4.2.1. Serial discontinuity concept A 4.2.2. Flood pulse concept 4.2.3. Flow pulse concept S 4.2.4. Aggregated dead zone concept 4.2.5. Spiraling and telescoping concept 4.3. Habitat patches and ecotones 4.4. Hierarchical or