基于模糊PID控制的锅炉炉温系统的设计解析.doc

摘　　要 随着科学技术的日新月异，锅炉在生产中的应用越来越广泛，是工业生产中经常采用的一种设备。在生产过程中，我们主要对温度、压力、流量进行控制。而锅炉的温度控制在锅炉控制系统中的地位越来越突出。由于锅炉温度系统惯性较大、滞后现象比较严重，干扰量较多，几乎无法建立其数学模型。因此，对锅炉炉温的控制一直都是研究难点。 本文主要是对锅炉炉温系统进行控制。如果选择传统PID控制方式，精度较低，控制效果不理想，所以考虑选择模糊控制。研究模糊控制的基本原理，设计控制锅炉炉温的模糊控制器。对锅炉的温度飞升曲线特点进行剖析，创建模糊控制规则表，并利用Matlab软件中的Simulink中模糊逻辑工具箱，仿真出锅炉的传统PID曲线、模糊系统曲线。根据仿真曲线结果计算系统的%和，在传统PID控制中，计算结果不能同时满足控制的基本要求；当选择模糊控制的时候，%和都能满足控制的基本要求，但是系统极易出现稳态误差。所以本论文是把传统PID控制以及模糊控制组合到一起，设计一个参数自整定的模糊PID控制器，将PID的几个主要参数、以及 进行自整定，利用Simulink仿真出曲线，结果表明所设计的基于模糊PID的锅炉炉温控制器能够满足锅炉炉温控制的基本要求。 在分析锅炉温度控制系统的基础上，选择 PIC16F877A 单片机作为关键器件，完成温度的采集控制以及超限报警等基本功能，并把本文计算出的模糊 PID 算法与硬件相结合，设计主程序的流程图和基本电路。  Abstract Boiler in the production and life has been applied more and more extensively with the development of the times, it is a device often used in industrial production, and boiler temperature control in the boiler control system is becoming more and more prominent. Temperature control system with large inertia,the serious delay and difficult to establish accurate mathematical model. The nonlinear relationship exists. This paper is mainly on the boiler furnace temperature control. If the selection of the traditional PID control mode, the accuracy is lower, the control effect is not ideal . We should consider the option of fuzzy control, the basic principle of the fuzzy control, design control of boiler furnace temperature fuzzy controller. The fuzzy control rule table is established through analysing the characteristic of the electric boiler temperature in the thesis. In this thesis, simulation of PID control system and fuzzy control system using Simulink and MATLAB fuzzy logic tools. The results show that the regulation time and overshoot of the PID system can not be achieved by the control system. When the fuzzy control, the adjustment time and the overshoot can achieve the norm, but the system induced steady-state error. So there is a new way to combine together. The patameters of Kp, Ki and Kd are adjust by fuzzy inference. The experimental res