单片机锅炉液位控制系统.doc

摘 要 在现代社会中，随着工业的发展，居民生活区的集中热力供应量的需求也越来越大，蒸汽锅炉的容量不断提高，对操作过程要求更加严格，锅炉的液位控制直接影响人们自身和设备的安全，液位过低可能使锅炉出现干烧现象，液位过高又会使锅炉蒸汽压力过高，发生危险。传统的液位控制不能进行远距离的集中控制，自动化程度低，调节精度差等缺点，且单靠人工操作已不能适应，随着科学技术的不断进步,被控对象越来越复杂,人们对控制精度的要求不断提高。 本文首先介绍了单片机的发展状况和本课题的研究内容及论文结构。接着讲述单片机的性能和规范，比较了现代单片机控制与传统控制方法的区别，详细介绍了锅炉液位检测、液位控制等。然后详细讲述基于单片机液位控制系统的硬件、软件设计及PID算法。 本设计给出了单片机液位控制系统的硬件和软件实现方案，是一个以87C51为核心的单片机控制系统，随着单片机技术，自动控制技术的迅速发展，利用单片机及其外围芯片实现锅炉液位控制已经成为可能，而且也成为一种发展的趋势，单片机不仅有体积小，安装方便，功能较齐全等优点，而且有很高的性价比，本系统程序加入高级算法后实现数据采集，通信与智能控制。本设计选用数字PID控制算法，完成单片机液位的控制。用单片机实现的一种锅炉控制器，其有着较高的实用价值和优越性。 关键词：锅炉 ；水位控制 ； 87C51单片机 ；传感器。 Abstract In modern society, with the industrial development and the life of the residents of concentrated heat supply the demand is also growing, Steam Boiler continuously improve the capacity to operate more stringent process requirements, Boiler level control directly affect the people themselves and the safety equipment, liquid level is too low there may boiler dry, Level result in high pressure steam boiler too high, dangerous. Level traditional remote control can not control the concentration, the low degree of automation, poor regulation accuracy shortcomings, and manual alone can no longer cope with the continuous scientific and technological progress, increasingly complex object, People right to control the accuracy of continually increasing demands. This paper introduces the MCU development and the subject of research papers and structure. SCM then on the performance and standards of modern SCM compared with the traditional control methods to control the distinction, Details on the Boiler Level detection, liquid level control. Then described in detail based on SCM level control system hardware, software design and PID algorithm. The design is a microcontroller Level Control System hardware and software programs, is a 87C51 microcontroller as the core control system, with SCM technologies, Control of rapid technological development, the use of SCM and its peripheral chip boiler level co