2015年5月9日托福考试阅读解析2015年5月9日托福考试阅读解析.doc

2015年5月9日托福考试阅读解析 　　 　　oblige=force 　　ensure=guarantee 　　henceforth=from past to now 　　excavation=dig out 　　substantial=considerable 　　incite=stimulate 　　alteration=modified 　　in preference to=more than 　　constituent=component 　　characteristic=typical 　　outweigh=exceed 　　第一篇 先进的探测方法 　　原文回顾： 一些先进的科技和地理知识的运用可以帮助分析和测定一些历史上的情况，每一段都讲了不同的探测方法。 　　相关背景学习：Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer 　　The Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) is a satellite that observed the time structure of astronomical X-ray sources, named after Bruno Rossi. The RXTE has three instruments—the Proportional Counter Array, the High-Energy X-ray Timing Experiment (HEXTE), and the All Sky Monitor. The RXTE observed X-rays from black holes, neutron stars, X-ray pulsars and X-ray bursts. It was funded as part of the Explorer program, and is sometimes also called Explorer 69. 　　RXTE was launched from Cape Canaveral on 30 December 1995 on a Delta rocket, has an International Designator of 1995-074A and a mass of 3200 kg. 　　Observations from the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer have been used as evidence for the existence of the frame-dragging effect predicted by the theory of general relativity. RXTE results have, as of late 2007, been used in more than 1400 scientific papers. 　　In January 2006, it was announced that Rossi had been used to locate a candidate intermediate-mass black hole named M82 X-1. In February 2006, data from RXTE was used to prove that the diffuse background X-ray glow in our galaxy comes from innumerable, previously undetected white dwarfs and from other stars coronae. In April 2008, RXTE data was used to infer the size of the smallest known black hole. 　　RXTE ceased science operations on 3 January 2012. 　　NASA scientists said that the decommissioned RXTE would re-enter the Earths atmosphere between 2014 and 2023. 　　第二篇 威尼斯缺水问题 　　原文回顾：威尼斯缺饮用水的问题。由于污染的问题，威尼斯本身缺少淡水，所以缺少饮用水就成了大问题。 　　相关背景学习：Causes of limited fresh water 　　There are many causes of the apparent decrease [citation needed] in our fresh water